izindaba

Izixhumi zikagesi zinika amandla amandla amanje ukuthi ageleze kumjikelezo lapho evinjiwe khona noma ehlukanisiwe, okuvumela isekethe ukuthi ifinyelele umsebenzi wayo ohlosiwe.Ezinye izixhumi zisesimweni samasokhethi ajwayelekile futhi zamukelwa kabanzi futhi zisetshenziswa embonini yamakhebula.

Iminyaka eminingi yezinxushunxushu zokuhlukaniswa kwezingcingo ezingenayo, umkhiqizi ngamunye unezindlela namazinga akhe okuhlukanisa.Inhlangano kazwelonke yabasabalalisi be-elekthronikhi (i-NEDA, okuyi-NaTIonalElectronicDistributorsAssociaTIon) ngo-1989 yakha isethi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-connector components encapsulation (LevelsofPackaging) izinga lokuhlukaniswa elijwayelekile.Ngokwaleli zinga, izixhumi zokuxhumana ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izixhumi zeleveli 4.Nokho, izinga lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukufunda nokuhlukanisa izixhumi.Emsebenzini ongokoqobo, izixhumi azivami ukubizwa ngazo ngokwezinga elingenhla, kodwa ziqanjwa ngendlela ebukeka ngayo yezixhumi kanye nesakhiwo sokuxhuma (ukuqanjwa kwezixhumi zikagesi zamafomu esakhiwo ahlukene kucaciswa yimininingwane yamazwe ngamazwe enemininingwane eminingi) .Ngokuvamile, izixhumi zezakhiwo ezihlukene zinezigaba ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana kuvame ukuncika kumidiya esetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke izixhumi zivame ukudingidwa ngokuya ngemidiya yokuxhumana ehlukene, izindlela zokuxhuma, nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.

1. Isixhumi sekhebula lezintambo eziningi
Izixhumi zekhebula le-Multiwire zifaka izixhumi ze-DB ne-DIX nezixhumi ze-DIN.
(1)Isixhumi se-DB sihlanganisa i-DB-9, DB-15, DB-25 isixhumi, sisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishini yembobo ye-serial kanye nekhebula elihambisanayo, ihlukaniswe yaba isiphetho esihle nesiphetho esinegethivu, i-DB25 ku-DB imele isixhumi esingu-D, inombolo 25 imele inombolo yesixhumi senaliti.Isixhumi se-DB25 siyingxenye evamile ye-microcomputer kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa okwamanje.
(2)Isixhumi se-DIX: Isixhumi saso sangaphandle isixhumi se-DB-15.Ixhunywe ngesiliphu, kuyilapho i-DB15 ixhunywe ngesikulufu futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kukhebula eliwugqinsi i-Ethernet.
(3)Isixhumi se-DIN: Kunezinaliti ezihlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinaliti kusixhumi se-DIN, esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi e-Macintosh ne-AppleTalk.

2. Isixhumi esisontekile
Ukuxhumanisa ngababili okusontekile kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili zezixhumi: i-RJ45 ne-RJ11.RJ iwukuxhumana okuchaza amanethiwekhi omphakathi ezokuxhumana.Esikhathini esidlule, izixhumanisi zohlobo lwe-RJ zazisetshenziswa ekilasini lesi-4, ikilasi lesi-5, isigaba esikhulu sesi-5, futhi muva nje kwethulwa izintambo zekilasi lesi-6.
(1)Isixhumi se-RJ11: siwuhlobo lwesixhumi solayini wocingo, esisekela izintambo ezi-2 kanye nezintambo ezi-4, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela kulayini wocingo lomsebenzisi.
(2)Isixhumi se-RJ45: isixhumi sohlobo olufanayo, uhlobo lukajeke, esikhulu kunesixhumi se-RJ11, kanye nemigqa yokusekela engu-8, ngokuvamile saziwa njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile esingu-8-bit, esisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ipheya esontekile kunethiwekhi.Ngenxa yokuthi amasekhethi asetshenziswayo ayi-balance transmitter ne-receiver, inekhono eliphezulu lokwenqaba imodi evamile.

Isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial
Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sihlanganisa isixhumi se-T nesixhumi se-BNC kanye nesixhasi setheminali.
(1)Isixhumi se-T: sisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma intambo ye-coaxial nesixhumi se-BNC.
(2)Isixhumi se-BNC: Isixhumi somgqomo we-BayoNette BayoNette, sisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zenethiwekhi kusixhumi se-BNC.Ukukhula okusheshayo kwezimakethe zokuxhumana kanye nezimakethe zamakhompiyutha kanye nenhlanganisela yokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kube yizinto ezibalulekile ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo sezixhumi ze-coaxial.Ngoba ikhebula le-coaxial nesixhumi sika-t zithembele kuzixhumi ze-BNC ukuze zixhumeke, ngakho-ke imakethe yesixhumi se-BNC yomkhakha.
(3) ama-terminals: izintambo zonke zidinga ama-terminals, ama-terminals ayisixhumi esikhethekile, sinokumelana okukhethwe ngokucophelela ukufanisa izici zekhebula lenethiwekhi, ngayinye okumele isekelwe phansi.
(4) Ku-Ethernet yekhebula elisindayo, izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziswa.Indawo yokusebenza ayixhumekile ngqo kunethiwekhi ye-Ethernet, kodwa ixhunywe kusidlulisilwazi ngesixhumi se-AUI (isixhumi se-DIX).

Izixhumi ze-Rf coaxial zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu kusuka ohlotsheni lokuxhuma:
(1) Uhlobo lokuxhuma olunemicu: njenge-APC-7, N, TNC, SMA, SMC, L27, L16, L12, L8, L6 rf coaxial connectors.Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi lunezici zokuthembeka okuphezulu nomphumela omuhle wokuvikela, ngakho-ke futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu.
(2) Uhlobo lokuxhuma lwe-Bayonet: njenge-BNC, C, Q9, Q6 rf coaxial connectors.Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi lunezici zoxhumano olulula nolusheshayo, futhi luwukusebenzisa kwakuqala kwefomu lokuxhuma i-rf emhlabeni.
(3) Ipulaki eqondile kanye nohlobo lokuxhumana oluphushayo: njenge-SMB, SSMB, MCX, njll., leli fomu lokuxhuma lesixhumi linezici zesakhiwo esilula, esihlangene, usayizi omncane, okulula ukusikhipha, njll.
Ukuxhumana kwe-serial kuyindlela yokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu.Ekuxhumaneni kwe-serial, izinhlangothi zombili ziyadingeka ukusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile.Izixhumi ze-ISDN eziyisisekelo zokusebenzelana zisebenzisa indinganiso ye-ISO8877.Izinga lihlinzeka ngokuthi isixhumi esijwayelekile sesixhumi esibonakalayo se-S siyi-RJ-45(8 cores), futhi ama-core 4 amaphakathi ama-cores asebenzayo.Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-U asiyona indinganiso, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-RJ-11, abanye basebenzisa i-RJ-45, basebenza kahle phakathi kwama-cores amabili.Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-G.703 kunethiwekhi yokudlulisela yedijithali ngokuvamile siyi-BNC(75 ω) noma i-RJ-45(120 ω), futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa isixhumi esibonakalayo esingu-9-core.Ukucaciswa kwe-USB (Universal Serial Bus) kuyindinganiso yokuxhumana ehlinzeka ngesixhumi esivamile (uhlobo A nohlobo B) kuwo wonke ama-peripheral e-USB ukuze axhume ku-PCS.Lezi zixhumi zizongena esikhundleni sezimbobo ezihlukile zendabuko zangaphandle njengezimbobo ze-serial, izimbobo zegeyimu, izimbobo ezifanayo, njll.
Endaweni ye-wiring ebanzi, izinhlobo ezine zangaphambilini, izinhlobo ezinhlanu, izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa okusanda kwethulwa ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha zezintambo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-RJ interface.Kusukela ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zamazinga, ikhebula ngokomlando ihlukaniswe yaba izixhumanisi ze-RJ nezingezona ze-RJ.Inhlanganisela yesixhumi se-Cat7 (GG45-GP45) indinganiso yamukelwe ngokuvumelana ngoMashi 22, 2002 (IEC60603-7-7), ibe isixhumi esijwayelekile esingu-7, futhi ingahambisana ngokugcwele ne-RJ-45 yamanje.
Ukukhethwa kwesixhumi sikagesi kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimo zemvelo, imingcele kagesi, imingcele yemishini, ukukhethwa kwe-terminal.Ihlanganisa izidingo zepharamitha kagesi, i-voltage elinganiselwe, yamanje elinganiselwe, ukumelana nokuxhumana, ukuvikela, imingcele yokuphepha, imingcele yemishini, impilo yemishini, imodi yokuxhuma, imodi yokufaka nokuma, imingcele yemvelo, imodi yokugcina nokunye.