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Ikusasa le-5G ngokombono wokutholwa okuhlangene kwabasebenzi: Ukuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-multi-antenna ye-All-band

Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ekupheleni kukaJuni walo nyaka, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezingu-961,000 zase zakhiwe, amatheminali omakhalekhukhwini we-5G ayizigidi ezingu-365 axhunyiwe, okubalwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80 engqikithi yomhlaba, futhi kube nokunye. kunamacala ayi-10,000 e-5G emisha yohlelo lokusebenza e-China.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-5G yaseChina kuyashesha, kodwa akwanele.Muva nje, ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ye-5G enokufakwa okubanzi nokujulile, i-China Telecom ne-China Unicom bathola ngokuhlanganyela iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-240,000 2.1g 5G, kanti i-China Mobile kanye nomsakazo kanye nethelevishini ithole ngokuhlanganyela iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-480,000 700M 5G, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kwe-58. billion yuan.

Imboni ibhekisisa kakhulu isabelo sebhidi sabakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle, futhi sithola ukuthambekela kwentuthuko ye-5G kulokhu kuthenga okubili okujulile.Abasebenzisi abanaki kuphela ulwazi lomsebenzisi olufana nomthamo wenethiwekhi ye-5G nesivinini, kodwa futhi banake ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.

I-5G isineminyaka engaba mibili itholakala kwezohwebo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-1.7 ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, nezinye iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezizokwakhiwa eminyakeni ezayo (kuneziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-4G ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-6 eChina nokunye. 5G ezayo).

Ngakho-ke i-5G izoyaphi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2021?Ama-opharetha ayakha kanjani i-5G?Umbhali uthola ezinye izimpendulo ezinganakwa ngenxa yesidingo sokuthengwa kwempahla ngokuhlanganyela kanye nomshayeli wendiza osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu we-5G ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

1, uma kunezinzuzo ezengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-5G

Ngokujula kokuthengiswa kwe-5G kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokungena kwe-5G, ithrafikhi yomakhalekhukhwini ikhula kakhulu, futhi abantu bazoba nezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme ngesivinini kanye nokufakwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G.Idatha evela ku-ITU nezinye izinhlangano ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2025, i-DOU yabasebenzisi be-5G yaseChina izokhula isuka ku-15GB iye ku-100GB (26GB emhlabeni jikelele), futhi isibalo soxhumo lwe-5G sizofinyelela ku-2.6 billion.

Indlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo se-5G esizayo futhi ngokuphumelelayo nangeshibhile inethiwekhi ye-5G yekhwalithi ephezulu enekhava ebanzi, isivinini esisheshayo kanye nombono omuhle sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo kubaqhubi kulesi sigaba.Kufanele benzeni abathwali?

Ake siqale ngebhendi ebaluleke kakhulu.Ngokuzayo, amabhendi efrikhwensi aphansi afana no-700M, 800M no-900M, amabhendi efrikhwensi amaphakathi afana ne-1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G ne-3.5g, namabhendi amagagasi aphezulu angamamilimitha azothuthukiswa abe ngu-5G.Kodwa ngokulandelayo, opharetha badinga ukucabangela ukuthi iyiphi i-spectrum engahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zabasebenzisi bamanje be-5G.

Okokuqala bheka imvamisa ephansi.Izimpawu zebhendi eziphansi zinokungena okungcono, izinzuzo zokumboza, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi eziphansi kanye nokugcinwa, futhi abanye opharetha bacebile ngezinsiza ze-frequency band, ezanele ngokuqhathaniswa esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi.

Ama-Opharetha asebenzisa i-5G kumabhendi efrikhwensi aphansi nawo abhekana nezinkinga zokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kanye nesivinini senethiwekhi esinensa.Ngokusho kokuhlolwa, ijubane le-low-band 5G lishesha izikhathi ezingu-1.8 kuphela kunenethiwekhi ye-4G ene-low-band efanayo, esekhona ebangeni lamashumi e-Mbps.Kungashiwo ukuthi iyinethiwekhi ye-5G enensa kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi zokuqaphela nolwazi lwe-5G.

Ngenxa yochungechunge lwemboni yokuphela engavuthiwe yebhendi yefrikhwensi ephansi, amanethiwekhi amabili kuphela wezohwebo we-800M 5G akhululiwe emhlabeni njengamanje, kanti amanethiwekhi okuhweba we-900M 5G awakakakhululwa.Ngakho-ke, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungaphinda uhlakulele i-5G ku-800M/900M.Kulindeleke ukuthi uchungechunge lwezimboni lube semgudwini ofanele ngemuva kuka-2024.

Futhi amagagasi amamilimitha.Ama-opharetha asebenzisa i-5G ku-high frequency millimeter wave, engaletha abasebenzisi isivinini sokudlulisa idatha ngokushesha, kodwa ibanga lokudlulisela lifushane, noma okuhlosiwe kwesigaba esilandelayo sokwakha.Lokho kusho ukuthi opharetha badinga ukwakha iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G futhi basebenzise imali eyengeziwe.Ngokusobala, kuma-opharetha kulesi sigaba samanje, ngaphandle kwezidingo zokufakwa kwendawo eshisayo, ezinye izimo azifaneleki ukwakha ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu.

Futhi ekugcineni i-spectrum.Ama-opharetha akha i-5G kubhendi emaphakathi, engaletha isivinini sedatha ephakeme kanye nomthamo wedatha owengeziwe kune-spectrum ephansi.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-spectrum ephezulu, kunganciphisa inani lokwakhiwa kwesiteshi esiyisisekelo futhi kunciphise izindleko zokwakha inethiwekhi zabaqhubi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumanisi zamaketango ezimboni ezifana ne-terminal chip kanye nemishini yesiteshi sesisekelo sezivuthwe kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ngokombono womlobi, eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, opharetha basazogxila ekwakhiweni kweziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G phakathi kwe-spectrum ephakathi, ehambisana namanye ama-frequency bands.Ngale ndlela, opharetha bangathola ibhalansi phakathi kobubanzi bokuhlanganisa, izindleko namandla.

Ngokusho kwe-THE GSA, kunamanethiwekhi okuhweba angaphezu kwe-160 5G emhlabeni wonke, kanti amane aphezulu angamanethiwekhi we-3.5g (123), amanethiwekhi we-2.1G (21), amanethiwekhi we-2.6G (14) kanye namanethiwekhi angu-700M (13).Ngokombono wokugcina, i-3.5g + 2.1g yemboni yokuvuthwa iyiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ukuvuthwa kwetheminali engu-2.1g sekusondele ku-3.5/2.6g.

Izimboni ezivuthiwe ziyisisekelo sempumelelo yezohwebo ye-5G.Kusukela kulo mbono, opharetha baseShayina abakha i-5G nge-2.1g + 3.5g kanye ne-700M + 2.6G amanethiwekhi anenzuzo yokuqala yokuhambisa embonini eminyakeni ezayo.

2, FDD 8 t8r

Siza opharetha ukuthi bakhulise inani lefrikhwensi emaphakathi

Ngokungeziwe ku-spectrum, ama-antenna amaningi nawo ayisihluthulelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvela kwamanethiwekhi e-5G opharetha.Njengamanje, i-4T4R (izinti ezine ezidlulisayo nezine ezine ezitholayo) nobunye ubuchwepheshe be-antenna besiteshi obuvame ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi e-5G FDD ngama-opharetha ngeke besakwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo ezilethwa ukukhula kwethrafikhi ngokumane bandise umkhawulokudonsa we-spectrum.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba abasebenzisi be-5G bekhula, opharetha kufanele bakhulise inani leziteshi eziyisisekelo ukuze basekele ukuxhumana okukhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kokuziphazamisa phakathi kwabasebenzisi.Ubuchwepheshe be-antenna bendabuko be-2T2R kanye ne-4T4R abusekeli ukuqondiswa okunembile kuleveli yomsebenzisi futhi abukwazi ukuzuza i-beam enembile, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivinini somsebenzisi.

Hlobo luni lobuchwepheshe obunama-antenna amaningi obuzovumela opharetha ukuthi bafinyelele ububanzi bokufakwa kwe-5G kuyilapho becabangela izici ezifana nomthamo wesiteshi esiyisisekelo nolwazi lomsebenzisi?Njengoba sazi, ijubane lokudlulisela lenethiwekhi engenantambo ikakhulukazi lincike kumodi yokusebenza yokuthumela nokwamukela amasignali phakathi kwesiteshi sesizinda senethiwekhi kanye namadivayisi agcinayo afana namafoni ahlakaniphile, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe obunama-antenna amaningi bungaphinda kabili umthamo wesiteshi sesisekelo (umugqa oqondile ngokusekelwe i-multi-antenna ingakwazi ukulawula ukuphazamiseka).

Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-5G kudinga ukuvela okuqhubekayo kwe-FDD ku-8T8R, i-Massive MIMO nobunye ubuchwepheshe be-multi-antenna.Ngokombono wombhali, i-8T8R izoba inkomba yesikhathi esizayo yokwakha yenethiwekhi ye-5GFDD ukuze kuzuzwe “kokubili ulwazi nokufakwa” ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, ngokombono ojwayelekile, i-3GPP iye yathuthukiswa enguqulweni ngayinye yephrothokholi ngokucutshungulwa ngokugcwele kwama-multi-antenna.Inguqulo ye-R17 izonciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi betheminali kanye nesimo setheminali yokuhlola ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwesigaba phakathi kwamabhendi akhuphuka nomfula kanye nezansi nomfula esiteshini esiyisisekelo.Inguqulo ye-R18 izophinde yengeze amakhodi anembayo.

Ukuqaliswa kwalawa mazinga kudinga okungenani iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G FDD ukuthi zibe nobuchwepheshe be-antenna ye-8T8R.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izivumelwano ze-R15 ne-R16 zenkathi ye-5G zithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo nokusekelwa kwe-2.1g yomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu we-2CC CA.Izivumelwano ze-R17 kanye ne-R18 zizophinde ziqhubekisele phambili ukuvela kwe-FDD Massive MIMO.

Okwesibili, ngokubuka kwetheminali, i-4R (ama-antenna amane amukelayo) yamafoni ahlakaniphile namanye amatheminali angakhulula umthamo wesiteshi esingu-2.1g 8T8R, futhi i-4R isiba ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwamaselula angu-5G, angasebenzisana ne- inethiwekhi yokukhulisa inani lezimpondo eziningi.

Ngokuzayo, amatheminali angu-6R/8R abekwe embonini, futhi ubuchwepheshe bamanje senziwe: ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo se-6-antenna senziwe emshinini ophelele, futhi isitaki sephrothokholi se-baseband 8R esivamile sisekelwe i-terminal baseband processor.

Iphepha elimhlophe elifanelekile le-China Telecom ne-China Unicom lithatha i-5G 2.1g 4R njengocingo oluphathwayo oluyisibopho, oludinga ukuthi wonke amaselula e-5G FDD emakethe yase-China asekele i-Sub3GHz 4R.

Ngokwabakhiqizi betheminali, amaselula avamile amaphakathi nasezingeni eliphezulu asekele i-5G FDD mid-frequency 1.8/2.1g 4R, futhi amafoni omakhalekhukhwini avamile we-5G FDD azosekela i-Sub 3GHz 4R, okuzoba okujwayelekile.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhono lokuxhumanisa inethiwekhi liyinzuzo enkulu ye-FDD 5G.Ngokokuhlolwa, isipiliyoni se-uplink peak yamatheminali angu-2.1g amakhulu-bandwidth 2T (2 transmitting antenna) seqe amatheminali angu-3.5g.Kungabikezelwa ukuthi, eqhutshwa ukuncintisana emakethe yetheminali kanye nesidingo sabaqhubi, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu azosekela i-uplink 2T kubhendi engu-2.1g esikhathini esizayo.

Okwesithathu, ngokombono wesipiliyoni, u-60% kuya ku-70% wesidingo samanje sokugeleza kweselula sivela endlini, kodwa udonga olusindayo lukasimende olungaphakathi luzoba isithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke esiteshini se-Acer esingaphandle ukuze sifinyelele ukumbozwa kwangaphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe be-antenna ye-2.1g 8T8R bunamandla okungena aqinile futhi bungafinyelela ukumbozwa kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ezingajulile.Ifanele izinsizakalo ze-latency ephansi futhi inikeza opharetha izinzuzo eziningi emqhudelwaneni wesikhathi esizayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa neseli yendabuko ye-4T4R, umthamo weseli engu-8T8R ukhuphuka ngo-70% futhi ukufakwa kukhushulwa ngaphezu kuka-4dB.

Okokugcina, ngokombono wezindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe be-antenna ye-8T8R buyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sakho kokubili ukumbozwa kwe-uplink yasemadolobheni kanye nokufakwa kwe-downlink yasemaphandleni, ngoba inenzuzo yokuphindaphinda futhi ayidingi ukushintshwa phakathi neminyaka eyi-10. ngemuva kokuthi opharetha etshale imali.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe be-antenna ye-2.1g 8T8R bungasindisa u-30% -40% yenani lamasayithi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-4T4R, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-TCO ingasindisa ngaphezu kuka-30% eminyakeni engu-7.Kubasebenzisi, ukuncipha kwenani leziteshi ze-5G kusho ukuthi inethiwekhi ingakwazi ukuzuza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane esikhathini esizayo, okuphinde kuhambisane nomgomo we-China "we-dual carbon".

Kuhle ukusho ukuthi izinsiza zesibhakabhaka zesiteshi samanje se-5G zilinganiselwe, futhi opharetha ngamunye unepali eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela emkhakheni ngamunye.Ama-antenna asekela ubuchwepheshe be-antenna ye-8T8R angahlanganiswa nezinti ze-3G ne-4G zenethiwekhi ebukhoma, okwenza isayithi libe lula kakhulu futhi konga indawo yokuqasha.

3, FDD 8T8R akuyona ithiyori

Ama-opharetha ayilinge ezindaweni eziningana

Ubuchwepheshe be-FDD 8T8R obunama-antenna amaningi buye bathengiswa ngama-opharetha angaphezu kwama-30 emhlabeni jikelele.E-China, o-opharetha abaningi bendawo nabo sebeqedile ukuqinisekiswa kwezentengiselwano kwe-8T8R futhi bathole imiphumela emihle.

NgoJuni kulo nyaka, i-Xiamen Telecom kanye ne-Huawei baphothule ukuvulwa kwesayithi lokuhlanganisa le-4/5G elinemodi ekabili ye-2.1g 8T8R yokuqala emhlabeni.Ngokuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuthi ukujula kokufakwa kwe-5G 2.1g 8T8R kuthuthukiswa ngaphezu kwe-4dB futhi umthamo we-downlink ukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4T4R evamile.

NgoJulayi kulo nyaka, i-China Unicom Research Institute kanye ne-Guangzhou Unicom bahlangane ne-Huawei ukuze baqedele ukuqinisekiswa kwesayithi lokuqala le-5G FDD 8T8R le-China Unicom Group e-Outfield of Guangzhou Biological Island.Ngokusekelwe kumkhawulokudonsa we-FDD 2.1g 40MHz, ukulinganisa kwenkambu engu-8T8R kuthuthukisa ukumbozwa kwe-5dB namandla weseli kufika ku-70% uma kuqhathaniswa neseli yendabuko ye-4T4R.