izindaba

I-antenna yethambo lezinhlanzi

I-Fishbone antenna, ebizwa nangokuthi i-edge antenna, iyigagasi elifushane elikhethekile elamukela uthi.Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile ngamaqoqo amabili oxhumano lwe-inthanethi lwe-oscillator ye-symmetric, i-oscillator ye-symmetric itholwa ngemuva kweqoqo elincane le-capacitor ku-inthanethi.Ekupheleni komugqa wokuqoqa, okungukuthi, ukuphela okubheke isiqondiso sokuxhumana, ukumelana okulingana nesici sokuvimbela umugqa wokuqoqa kuxhunyiwe, kanti omunye umkhawulo uxhunywe kumamukeli ngokusebenzisa i-feeder.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-rhombus antenna, i-antenna ye-fishbone inezinzuzo ze-sidelobe encane (okungukuthi, umthamo oqinile wokwamukela endaweni eyinhloko ye-lobe, umthamo obuthakathaka wokwamukela kwezinye izinkomba), ukuxhumana okuncane phakathi kwezimpondo nendawo encane;Ukungalungi ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa kuyinkimbinkimbi.

I-antenna

Futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-antenna.Yakhiwe ngezinduku zensimbi eziningana, enye yazo i-radiator, isibonisi eside ngemuva kwe-radiator, nezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezimfushane phambi kwe-radiator.Ingxenye egoqiwe - i-wave oscillator ivame ukusetshenziswa kurediyetha.Isiqondiso semisebe esiphezulu se-antenna siyefana nesikhombandlela somhlahlandlela.I-antenna ye-Yagi inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, esilula futhi esiqinile, sokudla okulula;Ukungalungi: ibhendi yefrikhwensi encane kanye nokuphazamiseka okungekuhle.Izicelo ku-ultrashort wave zokuxhumana kanye radar.

I-antenna yefeni

Inepuleti lensimbi kanye nocingo lwensimbi amafomu amabili.Phakathi kwazo, i-fan metal plate, uhlobo lwe-fan metal wire.Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lwenza banzi ibhendi yefrikhwensi ngoba inyusa indawo yengxenye yothi.Izinti zomkhakha wezintambo zingasebenzisa izintambo zensimbi ezintathu, ezine noma ezinhlanu.Ama-antenna omkhakha asetshenziselwa ukwamukela igagasi le-ultrashort.

I-antenna yekhoni ephindwe kabili

I-double cone antenna iqukethe amakhoni amabili aneziqongo zekhoni eziphambene, futhi idla phezulu kwamakhoni.I-cone ingenziwa ngenhla yensimbi, ucingo noma i-mesh.Njenge-antenna yekheji, ibhendi yefrikhwensi yothi iyandiswa njengoba ingxenye yengxenye yothi ikhula.I-antenna ye-cone ephindwe kabili isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwamukela i-ultrashort wave.

I-antenna ye-Parabolic

I-antenna ye-paraboloid iyi-antenna ye-microwave eqondisayo ehlanganisa isibonisi se-paraboloid kanye nerediyetha ebekwe endaweni okugxilwe kuyo noma i-axis egxile yesibonisi se-paraboloid.I-electromagnetic wave ekhishwa irediyetha ibonakala nge-paraboloid, yakha i-beam eqondisayo kakhulu.

I-Parabolic reflector eyenziwe ngensimbi ene-conductivity enhle, ngokuyinhloko kunezindlela ezine ezilandelayo: i-paraboloid ejikelezayo, i-cylindrical paraboloid, ukusika i-paraboloid ejikelezayo kanye ne-elliptic edge paraboloid, evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu i-paraboloid ejikelezayo ne-cylindrical paraboloid.I-half wave oscillator, i-waveguide evulekile, i-waveguide slotted nokunye ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuma-radiator.

I-antenna ye-parabolic inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukuqondisa okuqinile kanye nebhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ebanzi.Ukungalungi yilezi: ngenxa yokuthi i-radiator itholakala ensimini kagesi yesibonisi se-parabolic, i-reflector inokusabela okukhulu ku-radiator, futhi kunzima ukuthola ukufana okuhle phakathi kwe-antenna ne-feeder.Imisebe yangemuva inkulu;Izinga eliphansi lokuvikela;Ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza.I-antenna isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-microwave relay, ukuxhumana kwe-tropospheric scatter, i-radar nethelevishini.

Uphondo lwe-antenna ye-paraboloid

Uphondo lwe-paraboloid antenna luqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: uphondo kanye ne-paraboloid.I-paraboloid ivala uphondo, futhi i-vertex yophondo isendaweni ebalulekile ye-paraboloid.Uphondo luyirediyetha, lukhipha amaza kagesi ku-paraboloid, amagagasi kagesi kagesi ngemva kokubonakala kwe-paraboloid, agxile ensikeni emincane ekhishiwe.Izinzuzo ze-antenna ye-paraboloid yophondo yilezi: isibonisi asinakusabela kurediyetha, irediyetha ayinawo umthelela wokuvikela kumagagasi abonisiwe, futhi uthi luhambisana kahle nedivayisi yokondla;I-radiation yangemuva incane;Izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela;Ibhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ibanzi kakhulu;Isakhiwo esilula.Ama-antenna e-Horn paraboloid asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-trunk relay.

I-antenna yophondo

Ibizwa nangokuthi i-antenna.Yakhiwe nge-waveguide efanayo kanye ne-waveguide yophondo enesigaba esinqamulayo esikhula kancane kancane.I-antenna yophondo inezinhlobo ezintathu: i-antenna yophondo lwefeni, i-antenna yophondo kanye ne-conical horn.I-antenna yophondo ingenye yezimpondo ze-microwave ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa njenge-radiator.Inzuzo yayo iyibhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi yokusebenza;Okubi kungusayizi omkhulu, futhi ngesilinganiso esifanayo, ukuqondiswa kwayo akubukhali njenge-antenna ye-parabolic.

I-antenna yelensi yophondo

Yakhiwe ngophondo kanye nelensi ebekwe endaweni yokuvula uphondo, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-lens antenna.Bheka i-lens antenna ukuze uthole umgomo welensi.Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lunebhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ebanzi kakhulu, futhi lunokuvikela okuphezulu kunothi oluyi-parabolic.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwetrunk ye-microwave enenani elikhulu lamashaneli.

I-lens antenna

Ebhandeni lamasentimitha, izimiso eziningi ze-optical zingasetshenziswa kuma-antenna.Kuma-optics, igagasi eliyindilinga elisakazwa umthombo wephoyinti endaweni okugxilwe kuyo ilensi lingaguqulwa libe igagasi lendiza ngokuhlehla ngelensi.I-lens antenna yenziwa kusetshenziswa lesi simiso.Iqukethe ilensi kanye nerediyetha ebekwe endaweni okugxilwe kuyo ilensi.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-lens antenna: i-dielectric decelerating lens antenna kanye nensimbi esheshisa i-lens antenna.Ilensi yenziwe nge low - high loss high - frequency medium, thick in the middle and izacile nxazonke.Igagasi eliyindilinga eliphuma emthonjeni wemisebe liyancipha njengoba lidlula ngelensi ye-dielectric.Ngakho igagasi eliyindilinga linendlela ende yokuncipha engxenyeni emaphakathi yelensi, kanye nendlela emfushane yokwehla kwejubane endaweni ezungezile.Ngenxa yalokho, igagasi eliyindilinga lidlula kulensi bese liphenduka igagasi lendiza, okungukuthi, imisebe iba oriented.Ilensi iqukethe inqwaba yamapuleti ensimbi anobude obuhlukene abekwe ngokuhambisana.Ipuleti lensimbi li-perpendicular phansi, futhi lapho lisondela phakathi nendawo, liba lifushane.Amagagasi ahambisana ne-metal plate

Ukusabalalisa okumaphakathi kuyasheshiswa.Uma igagasi eliyindilinga elisuka emthonjeni wemisebe lidlula kulensi yensimbi, liyasheshiswa ngendlela ende eduze konqenqema lwelensi kanye nendlela emfushane phakathi nendawo.Ngenxa yalokho, igagasi eliyindilinga elidlula ngelensi yensimbi liba igagasi lendiza.

I-lens antenna inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. I-side lobe kanye ne-back lobe mincane, ngakho-ke umdwebo wesiqondiso ungcono;

2. Ukunemba kwe-lens yokukhiqiza akuphakeme, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyikhiqiza.Ukungalungi kwayo ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nenani eliphezulu.Ama-lens antenna asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwe-microwave relay.

Slot antenna

Isikhala esisodwa noma ezimbalwa eziwumngcingo zivulwa epuleti elikhulu lensimbi futhi siphakelwe ngomugqa we-coaxial noma i-waveguide.I-antenna eyakhiwe ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-slotted antenna, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-slit antenna.Ukuze uthole imisebe engaqondile, imbobo yenziwa ngemuva kwepuleti lensimbi, futhi umsele udliswa ngokuqondile yi-waveguide.I-antenna eboshiwe inesakhiwo esilula futhi ayinakho ukuphuma, ngakho ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ezindizeni ezinesivinini esikhulu.Ububi ukuthi kunzima ukushuna.

I-antenna ye-Dielectric

I-antenna ye-Dielectric ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwempahla ye-dielectric ephezulu (ngokuvamile ene-polystyrene) eyenziwe ngenduku eyindilinga, enye ingxenye yayo ephakelwa ngomugqa we-coaxial noma i-waveguide.I-2 iyisandiso somqhubi wangaphakathi we-coaxial line, eyenza i-oscillator ukujabulisa amagagasi kagesi;3 umugqa coaxial;4 umkhono wensimbi.Umsebenzi womkhono awukona nje kuphela ukubopha induku ye-dielectric, kodwa futhi ukukhombisa igagasi le-electromagnetic, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igagasi logesi lijatshuliswa umqhubi wangaphakathi womugqa we-coaxial futhi lisakazeka ekupheleni kwamahhala kwenduku ye-dielectric. .Izinzuzo ze-antenna ye-dielectric usayizi omncane kanye nokuqondisa okubukhali.Okubi ukuthi i-medium ilahlekile ngakho-ke ayisebenzi kahle.

I-antenna ye-periscope

Ezokuxhumana nge-microwave relay, izimpondo zivame ukugxunyekwa ezisekelweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka iziphakeli ezinde ukondla izimpondo.Isiphakeli eside kakhulu sizodala ubunzima obuningi, njengesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukulahlekelwa amandla aphezulu, ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukuboniswa kwamandla endaweni yokuphakelayo, njll. Ukuze unqobe lobu bunzima, kungasetshenziswa i-antenna ye-periscope, equkethe irediyetha yesibuko esingaphansi esibekwe phezu kwayo. phansi kanye nesibuko esingaphezulu esifakwe kubakaki.Irediyetha yesibuko ephansi ngokuvamile iyi-antenna e-parabolic, futhi isibonisi sesibuko esingaphezulu siyipuleti lensimbi.Irediyetha yesibuko ephansi ikhiphela amagagasi kagesi phezulu futhi iwaveze epuleti lensimbi.Izinzuzo ze-antenna ye-periscope ukulahlekelwa amandla aphansi, ukuhlanekezela okuphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-microwave edluliselwe ngamandla amancane.

I-antenna ezungezayo

Iwuthi olunomumo we-helical.Ihlanganiswe ne-helix enhle yensimbi ye-conductive, ngokuvamile ene-coaxial line feed, umugqa we-coaxial womugqa ophakathi nendawo kanye nokuphela kwe-helix kuxhunyiwe, umqhubi wangaphandle we-coaxial line kanye nenethiwekhi yensimbi yomhlabathi (noma ipuleti) ixhunyiwe.Ukuqondiswa kwemisebe ye-antenna ye-helical kuhlobene nesiyingi se-helix.Lapho ukuzungeza kwe-helix kuncane kakhulu kunobude begagasi, isiqondiso semisebe enamandla kakhulu sibhekene ne-axis ye-helix.Lapho ukuzungeza kwe-helix kukulandelana kwe-wavelength eyodwa, imisebe enamandla kakhulu ivela eduze kwe-axis ye-helix.

Ishuna ye-antenna

Inethiwekhi ehambisana ne-impedance exhuma isidlulisi ku-antenna, ebizwa ngokuthi ishuna ye-antenna.I-impedance yokufaka ye-antenna iyahluka kakhulu nge-frequency, kuyilapho i-impedance yokuphuma kwe-transmitter iqinisekile.Uma i-transmitter kanye ne-antenna kuxhumeke ngokuqondile, lapho imvamisa yesidluliseli sishintsha, ukungafani kokuphazamiseka phakathi komthumeli kanye ne-antenna kuzonciphisa amandla emisebe.Ngokusebenzisa ishuna ye-antenna, kuyenzeka ukufanisa isivimbeli phakathi kwesidlulisi kanye ne-antenna ukuze uthi lube namandla amakhulu akhipha imisebe kunoma iyiphi imvamisa.Amashuni we-antenna asetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zomsakazo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezimotweni, emkhunjini nasezindizeni ze-shortwave.

Faka i-antenna ngezikhathi ezithile

I-antenna enebhendi ebanzi, noma uthi oluzimele oluzimele.Iwuthi olulula lwe-log-periodic ubude balo nezikhawu ezihambisana nalobu budlelwano obulandelayo: i-di dipole idliswa umugqa wokudlulisa wezintambo ezimbili olinganayo, oshintshwa phakathi kwama-dipoles aseduze.Le uthi lunesici sokuthi zonke izici ku-frequency F zizophindwa kuwo wonke amafrikhwensi anikezwe ngu-τ noma u-f, lapho u-n eyinombolo ephelele.Lawa mafrikhwensi wonke ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kubha yelogi, futhi isikhathi silingana nelogi ethi τ.Ngakho-ke igama elithi logarithmic periodic antenna.Ama-antenna e-Log-periodic avele aphindaphinde iphethini yemisebe kanye nezici zokuvimba.Kodwa ngesakhiwo esinjalo, uma τ ingekho ngaphansi kakhulu kuno-1, izinguquko zayo zesici esikhathini zincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke zizimele ngokuyisisekelo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-antenna we-log-periodic, njenge-log-periodic dipole antenna kanye ne-monopole antenna, i-log-periodic resonant emise okwe-V, i-log-periodic spiral antenna, njll. Evame kakhulu i-log-periodic dipole antenna.Lawa ma-antenna asetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhendi angaphezu kwamagagasi amafushane namafushane.