izindaba

Umgomo oyisisekelo we-antenna

Umgomo oyisisekelo we-antenna ukuthi amaza aphezulu akhiqiza izinkambu zikagesi nezikazibuthe ezizungezile.Ngokombono kaMaxwell womkhakha we-electromagnetic field, "ukushintsha izinkambu zikagesi kukhiqiza izizibuthe, futhi ukushintsha kwezizibuthe kukhiqiza izizinda zikagesi".Njengoba isasasa liqhubeka, ukusakazwa kwesignali engenantambo kuyabonakala.

Thola i-coefficient

Isilinganiso samandla okufakwayo engqikithi ye-antenna ibizwa ngokuthi i-coefficient yenzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna.Kuwukubonakaliswa okunemininingwane okwengeziwe kokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-antenna kwamandla e-RF esewonke kune-coefficient ye-directivity ye-antenna.Futhi kuvezwe ngama-decibel.Kungafakazelwa ngokwezibalo ukuthi i-coefficient yenzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna ilingana nomkhiqizo we-coefficient yokuqondisa kwe-antenna nokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna

Isilinganiso samandla akhishwa uthi (okungukuthi, amandla aguqula ngempumelelo ingxenye yamagagasi kagesi) ibe okokufaka kwamandla asebenzayo othini.Ihlala ingaphansi kuka-1.

Igagasi le-antenna polarization

I-electromagnetic wave ihamba emkhathini, uma isiqondiso se-vector yenkundla kagesi sihlala simile noma sizungeza ngokomthetho othile, lokhu kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-polarization wave, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-antenna polarization wave, noma i-polarized wave.Ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa nge-polarization yendiza (okuhlanganisa i-polarization evundlile kanye ne-polarization eqondile), i-polarization eyindilinga kanye ne-elliptic polarization.

Isiqondiso se-polarization

Isiqondiso senkambu kagesi ye-polarized electromagnetic wave ibizwa ngokuthi i-polarization direction.

Indawo ye-polarization

Indiza eyakhiwe yi-polarization direction kanye ne-propagation direction ye-polarized electromagnetic wave ibizwa ngokuthi indiza ye-polarization.

I-polarization eqondile

I-polarization yamaza omsakazo, ngokuvamile nomhlaba njengendawo evamile.Igagasi le-polarization elingaphezulu kwe-polarization yalo lihambisana nendiza evamile yomhlaba (indiza eqondile) libizwa ngokuthi igagasi eliqondile le-polarization.Isiqondiso sensimu yayo kagesi i-perpendicular emhlabeni.

I-polarization evundlile

Igagasi le-polarization elibheke endaweni evamile yomhlaba libizwa ngokuthi i-horizontal polarization wave.Isiqondiso senkundla yayo kagesi ihambisana nomhlaba.

Indiza ye-polarization

Uma i-polarization direction ye-electromagnetic wave ihlala isendaweni engaguquki, ibizwa nge-plane polarization, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-linear polarization.I-polarization yendiza ingatholakala ezingxenyeni zensimu kagesi ehambisana nomhlaba (ingxenye evundlile) kanye ne-perpendicular ebusweni bomhlaba, ama-amplitudes aso wendawo anobukhulu obuhlobene obungenangqondo.Kokubili i-polarization eqondile nevundlile yizimo ezikhethekile ze-polarization yendiza.

I-polarization eyindilinga

Lapho i-Engeli phakathi kwendiza ye-polarization kanye nendiza evamile ye-geodetic yamaza omsakazo ishintsha kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-360 ° ngezikhathi ezithile, okungukuthi, usayizi wenkundla kagesi awushintshiwe, isiqondiso sishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye ne-trajectory yokuphela kwe-vector yasensimini kagesi. Kuvezwa njengendilinga endizeni eqondana nesiqondiso sokusakazeka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-circular polarization.I-polarization eyindilinga ingatholakala lapho izingxenye ezivundlile neziqondile zensimu kagesi zinama-amplitudes alinganayo kanye nomehluko wesigaba se-90 ° noma 270 °.I-polarization eyindilinga, uma indawo ye-polarization izungeza ngesikhathi futhi inobudlelwane obulungile bokuzungeza nendawo yokusabalalisa amagagasi kagesi, kubizwa ngokuthi i-right circular polarization;Kunalokho, uma ubuhlobo kwesokunxele Kuvunguza, wathi kwesokunxele isiyingi polarization.

I-elliptical ihlukanisiwe

Uma i-engeli ephakathi kwendiza ye-polarization yamaza omsakazo kanye nendiza evamile ye-geodetic ishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-2π, futhi umkhondo wokuphela kwe-vector yasensimini kagesi uboniswa njenge-ellipse endizeni eqondane nesiqondiso sokusakazeka, ibizwa ngokuthi i-elliptic. i-polarization.Lapho i-amplitude nesigaba sezingxenye eziqondile nezivundlile zensimu kagesi zinamanani angenangqondo (ngaphandle uma izingxenye ezimbili zilingana), i-elliptic polarization ingatholakala.

I-antenna yegagasi elide, i-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi

Yitemu elivamile lokudlulisa noma lokwamukela izinti ezisebenza ngamabhendi amagagasi amade namaphakathi.Amagagasi amade naphakathi asakazeka njengamagagasi aphansi namagagasi esibhakabhakeni, abonakala ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-ionosphere nomhlaba.Ngokwalesi sici sokusakazeka, izimpondo zamagagasi amade namaphakathi kufanele zikwazi ukukhiqiza amagagasi aqondile.Ku-antenna yegagasi elide nelimaphakathi, uhlobo olume mpo, uhlobo lwe-L oluguquliwe, uhlobo lwe-T kanye nohlobo lwesambulela oluma mpo lwe-antenna ephansi isetshenziswa kakhulu.Ama-antenna amade namaphakathi kufanele abe nenethiwekhi enhle yaphansi.Kunezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe ku-antenna yamagagasi ende namaphakathi, njengobude obuncane obusebenzayo, ukumelana nemisebe ephansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, ibhendi yokudlula ewumngcingo kanye ne-coefficient encane yokuqondisa.Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ukwakheka kwe-antenna kuvame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kukhulu kakhulu.

I-antenna ye-Shortwave

Ama-antenna adlulisayo noma amukelayo asebenza ebhendini yegagasi elifushane ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-short wave antenna.Igagasi elifushane lisakazwa ikakhulukazi igagasi lesibhakabhaka eliboniswa i-ionosphere futhi ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuxhumana ngomsakazo webanga elide zanamuhla.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-shortwave antenna, phakathi kwazo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-symmetric antenna, i-antenna evundlile esesigabeni, i-double wave antenna, i-antenna engular, i-V-shaped antenna, i-rhombus antenna, i-fishbone antenna njalonjalo.Uma iqhathaniswa ne-antenna yamagagasi amade, i-antenna yegagasi elifushane inezinzuzo zokuphakama okuphezulu okusebenzayo, ukumelana okuphezulu emisebeni, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, inkombandlela engcono, inzuzo ephezulu kanye nebhendi yokudlula ebanzi.

I-antenna ye-Ultrashort wave

Ama-antenna adlulisayo nowamukelayo asebenza ebhendini yegagasi ye-ultrashort abizwa ngokuthi ama-antenna ama-ultrashort wave.Amagagasi ama-Ultrashort ahamba ngokuyinhloko ngamaza omkhathi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo lwe-antenna, phakathi kwayo i-antenna ye-Yaki esetshenziswa kakhulu, i-antenna e-conical dish, i-conical ephindwe kabili, "i-bat wing" i-antenna ye-TV edlulisa njalo njalo.

I-antenna ye-microwave

Ama-antenna adlulisayo noma amukelayo asebenza kumabhendi amaza wamaza wamamitha, igagasi ledecimeter, amagagasi angamasentimitha kanye namagagasi angamamilimitha ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-microwave antenna.I-Microwave incike kakhulu ekusakazweni kwegagasi lesikhala, ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lokuxhumana, i-antenna isethwe phezulu.Ku-antenna ye-microwave, i-antenna ye-paraboloid esetshenziswa kakhulu, i-antenna ye-horn paraboloid, i-antenna yophondo, i-lens antenna, i-slotted antenna, i-dielectric antenna, i-periscope antenna nokunye.

I-antenna eqondisayo

I-Directional Antenna iwuhlobo lothi oludlulisa futhi lwamukele amagagasi kagesi endaweni eyodwa noma eziningana eziqondile ikakhulukazi, kuyilapho idlulisela futhi yamukela amagagasi kagesi kwezinye izindawo inguziro noma incane kakhulu.Inhloso yokusebenzisa i-antenna eqondisayo ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwamandla emisebe nokwandisa imfihlo.Inhloso enkulu yokusebenzisa i-antenna eyamukelayo ukukhulisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka.

I-antenna engaqondile

I-antenna ekhazimulayo noma ethola igagasi kazibuthe kagesi ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ibizwa ngokuthi i-non-directional, njengothi lwesiswebhu olusetshenziswa emshinini omncane wokuxhumana, njll.

I-antenna yebhendi ebanzi

I-antenna lapho ukuqondiswa kwayo, i-impedance kanye nezindawo ze-polarization zihlala zifana nebhendi ebanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-wideband antenna.I-antenna ye-wideband yokuqala ine-antenna ye-rhombus, i-V antenna, i-antenna ye-wave double, i-disk cone antenna, njll., i-wideband antenna entsha ine-logarithmic period antenna, njll.

Ukushuna uthi

I-antenna enokuqondisa okunqunywe kusengaphambili kuphela kubhendi yefrikhwensi encane kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-antenna eshuniwe noma ithiyo eqondiwe eshuniwe.Imvamisa, ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna eshuniwe kuhlala kungashintshi kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-5 Ebhendi eduze nemvamisa yokushuna kwayo, kuyilapho kwamanye amafrikhwensi indlela ishintsha kakhulu kangangokuthi ukuxhumana kuyaphazamiseka.Ama-antenna ashuniwe awafanele ukuxhumana kwamagagasi amafushane namaza ahlukahlukene.Isigaba esifanayo - i-antenna evundlile, i-antenna egoqiwe kanye ne-zigzag antenna zonke ziyizimpondo ezishuniwe.

I-antenna eqondile

I-antenna eqondile ibhekisela othini olubekwe ngqo phansi.Inamafomu e-symmetric kanye ne-asymmetric, futhi yokugcina isetshenziswa kabanzi.Ama-antenna aqondile aqondile avame ukuphakelwa maphakathi.I-antenna eqondile e-asymmetric iphakela phakathi kwephansi le-antenna nomhlabathi, futhi isiqondiso sayo semisebe esiphezulu sigxiliswa endaweni ephansi lapho ukuphakama kungaphansi kwe-wavelength engu-1/2, ngakho ifanele ukusakazwa.I-antenna eqondile ye-asymmetric ibizwa nangokuthi i-antenna yaphansi eqondile.

Thela uthi L

I-antenna eyakhiwe ngokuxhuma umkhondo oqondile ekugcineni kwentambo eyodwa evundlile.Ngenxa yokuma kwayo njengohlamvu lwesiNgisi L ibheke phansi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-antenna engu-L ehlanekezelwe.U-γ wohlamvu lwesiRashiya uhlanekezela u-L wohlamvu lwesiNgisi.Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwe-antenna lungcono kakhulu.Kuwuhlobo lwe-antenna esekelwe phansi.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna, ingxenye yayo evundlile ingakhiwa izintambo eziningana ezihlelwe endizeni efanayo evundlile, futhi imisebe ekhiqizwa yile ngxenye ingashaywa indiva, kuyilapho imisebe ekhiqizwa ingxenye eqondile injalo.Ama-antenna e-L ahlanekezelwe ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwamagagasi amade.Izinzuzo zayo ziyisakhiwo esilula nokumiswa okulula;Okubi ukunyathela okukhulu, ukuqina okungekuhle.

I-antenna

Maphakathi nentambo evundlile, kuxhunywe umthofu oqondile, omise okwezinhlamvu zesiNgisi u-T, ngakho ubizwa ngokuthi i-T-antenna.Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-antenna esekelwe phansi.Ingxenye evundlile yemisebe ayinalutho, imisebe ikhiqizwa ingxenye eqondile.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, isigaba esivundlile singabuye sakhiwe ngocingo olungaphezu kweyodwa.I-antenna enomumo ongu-T inezici ezifanayo neze-antenna enomumo ongu-L ehlanekezelwe.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwamagagasi amade nokuphakathi.

I-antenna yesambulela

Phezulu kwentambo eyodwa eqondile, amakhondaktha amaningana atshekile aholwa phansi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ukuze ukwakheka kwe-antenna kufane nesambulela esivulekile, ngakho kubizwa ngokuthi i-antenna yesambulela.Kuphinde kube wuhlobo lwe-antenna emiswe mpo.Izici zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyafana nezimpondo eziphendukile zika-L - kanye no-T.

I-antenna ye-whip

I-whip antenna iyi-antenna yenduku eguqukayo eguqukayo, ngokuvamile engu-1/4 noma 1/2 ubude be-wavelength.Izinti eziningi zesiswebhu zisebenzisa inethi esikhundleni sentambo ephansi.Izimpondo zesiswebhu ezincane zivame ukusebenzisa igobolondo lensimbi lesiteshi somsakazo esincane njengenethiwekhi ephansi.Kwesinye isikhathi ukuze kwandiswe ukuphakama okusebenzayo kwe-antenna yesiswebhu, amanye ama-blade akhulunywayo amancane angangezwa phezulu kwe-whip antenna noma i-inductance ingangezwa engxenyeni emaphakathi yothi lwesiswebhu.I-antenna ye-whip ingasetshenziselwa umshini omncane wokuxhumana, umshini wokuxoxa, umsakazo wemoto, njll.

I-antenna ye-Symmetric

Izintambo ezimbili ezinobude EQUAL, ezinqanyuliwe Esikhungweni futhi zixhunywe esiphakelini, zingasetshenziswa njengokudlulisa nokwamukela izinti, loluthi lubizwa ngokuthi i-symmetric antenna.Ngenxa yokuthi izimpondo ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-oscillator, izimpondo ezilinganayo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-symmetric oscillator, noma ama-dipole antenna.I-oscillator ye-symmetric enobude obuphelele besigamu sobude begagasi ibizwa ngokuthi i-half-wave oscillator, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dipole ye-dipole antenna.Iwuthi oluyisisekelo kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu.Ama-antenna amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi akhiwe ngayo.I-half-wave oscillator inesakhiwo esilula kanye nokudla okulula.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwensimu eseduze.

I-antenna yekheji

Kuyibhande elibanzi elithi i-antenna ebuthaka.Kuyisilinda esingenalutho esizungezwe izintambo ezimbalwa esikhundleni somzimba owodwa wemisebe yocingo ku-antenna elinganayo, ngoba umzimba wemisebe umise okwekheji, ubizwa ngokuthi i-cage antenna.Ibhendi yokusebenza ye-cage antenna ibanzi futhi kulula ukuyishuna.Ilungele ukuxhumana komugqa we-trunk oseduze.

I-antenna yophondo

Iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-antenna elinganayo, kodwa izingalo zayo ezimbili azihlelwanga ngendlela eqondile, futhi zibe i-engeli engu-90 ° noma 120°, ebizwa kanjalo ngokuthi i-antenna engular.Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna ngokuvamile luyidivayisi evundlile, ukuqondisa kwayo akubalulekile.Ukuze uthole izici zebhendi ebanzi, izingalo ezimbili ze-antenna engu-angular zingaphinda zamukele isakhiwo sekheji, esibizwa ngokuthi i-angular cage antenna.

Ilingana nothi

Ukugobisa ama-oscillator abe izimpondo ezilinganayo kubizwa ngokuthi i-antenna egoqiwe.Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-antenna enezintambo ezimbili eziguqulwayo, i-antenna enezintambo ezintathu kanye ne-multi-wire converted antenna.Lapho ugoba, okwamanje endaweni ehambisanayo kumugqa ngamunye kufanele kube esigabeni esifanayo.Uma usuka kude, i-antenna yonke ibukeka njengothi olulinganayo.Kepha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-antenna yokulinganisa, imisebe ye-antenna eguquliwe iyathuthukiswa.I-impedance yokokufaka iyakhula ukuze kube lula ukuhlangana nesiphakeli.I-antenna egoqiwe iyi-antenna eshuniwe ene-frequency yokusebenza emincane.Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumabhendi ama-wave amafushane nama-ultrashort wave.

I-antenna

I-antenna ehlanganisa izintambo ezimbili ku-engeli ziye kwenye ngomumo wohlamvu V. Itheminali ingavuleka noma ixhunywe ngokumelana okulingana nokungangeni kophawu lwe-antenna.I-antenna emise okwe-V ayiqondile futhi isiqondiso esiphezulu sokudlulisela sisendizeni eqondile ehambisana nomugqa we-Engeli.Ukungalungi kwayo ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nezinyathelo ezinkulu.

I-antenna ye-Rhombic

Iwuthi olubanzi lwebhendi.Iqukethe IDIYAMOND elivundlile ELILENGE EZnsikeni ezine, eyodwa yedayimane ixhunywe kusiphakeli nge-Angle ebukhali, futhi enye ixhunywe ekuphikisweni kwetheminali okulingana nokuphazamiseka kwesici kwe-antenna yedayimane.Ayiqondi ngendlela eyodwa endizeni eqondile ekhomba lapho kukhona ukumelana netheminali.

Izinzuzo ze-antenna ye-rhombus inzuzo ephezulu, isiqondiso esiqinile, ibhande elibanzi, kulula ukusethwa nokuyigcina;Ububi buwuphawu olukhulu.Ngemuva kokuthi i-antenna ye-rhomboid ikhubazekile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-rhomboid antenna ephindwe kabili, phendula i-rhomboid antenna kanye ne-rhomboid antenna.I-antenna ye-Rhombus ngokuvamile isetshenziswa eziteshini zokwamukela amagagasi amafushane aphakathi nendawo namakhulu.

I-antenna ye-cone yesitsha

I-ultrashort wave antenna.Okuphezulu yi-disc (umzimba we-radiation), ondliwa umugqa oyinhloko we-coaxial line, futhi phansi yi-cone, exhunywe kumqhubi wangaphandle we-coaxial line.Umphumela we-cone ufana nowomhlaba ongapheli.Ukushintsha i-engeli etshekile yekhoni kungashintsha isiqondiso semisebe esiphezulu sothi.Inebhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi kakhulu.